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Non-Human Primates (By Nico S) - Mind Map
Primate Taxonomy and behaviors.
- Non-Human Primates (By Nico S)
- Phylogenetics
- The study of the branching relationships of populations as they give rise to multiple descendant populations over evolutionary time; therefore reconstructing evolutionary histories.
- This can lead to cladistics which is a method that uses shared derived traits to create ancestor-descendant trees. This can determine which species are more closely related such as apes and humans.
- Divergent Evolution vs. Convergent Evolution
- Fun Fact
- Phylogenetics is a HYPOTHESIS! created using living or fossil species.
- Primate Taxonomy
- Strepsirrhines
- Lemur
- Loris
- Galago
- Haplorrhines
- Tarsier
- Monkeys
- Apes
- Characteristics include larger brains which bring more complex behaviors, claws modified into nails, grasping hands & feet, forward facing eyes, tails, opposable thumbs etc.
- These characteristics can help differentiate between primates and non-primates but as well interpret similarities to humans from other primates.
- Fun Fact
- Aye-aye's locate grubs through percussive sound.
- Primate Behavior
- Social behavior can increase and individual's fitness and enhance survival and reproduction.
- Grouping can attain protection from predators, locating and protecting resources, access to mates, and long-term bonds that help develop social behaviors and communication skills. However, this leads to competition.
- Residence patterns are determined by food distribution and predation.
- Fun Fact
- Larger males kill young by practicing infanticide.
- Speciation
- Species tend to be overlapping categories rather than completely distinct units.
- Biological, environmental, and morphological species concepts will generally recognize many of the same "species", although not always.
- Results in one species diverging into multiple species known as speciation which can lead to many diverse species and adaptations.
- Fun Fact
- Speciation of Cichlids with over 500 very different species.
- How Does this help Understand Human Diversity and Evolution?
- Phylogenetics has helped us determine common ancestors between primates and allowed us to determine chimpanzees are most closely related to humans.
- Studying chimpanzee's behaviors such as understanding trade and value, development of tools, and learning from others have shown similar characteristics to humans.
- The development of larger brains allowed for complex behaviors which expanded human niche in adapting to environmental stressors and understanding one's culture.
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