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What is Archaeology Mindmap 1.1 - Mind Map
- What is Archaeology?
- The Speculative Phase
- Speculating about humans' past led to explaining how and why society is the way it came to be.
- Scholars and rules studied objects on their own from the earlier civilizations.
- "Cabinets of curiosities"
- Unique ancient artifacts being displayed aimlessly along with other objects considered natural history.
- The First Excavations
- Excavations were initiated on the most well known sites.
- Pompeii's Mt. Vesuvius buried the city until its rediscovery in 1748.
- Intentions to excavate Pompeii led to several influences on furniture and decoration.
- Thomas Jefferson's "first scientific excavation in the history of archaeology"
- East of the Mississippi River had questionable mounds.
- Scientific Approach
- Jefferson tested the mounds against hard data.
- Stratigraphy was recognized: human bones weren't as well preserved in the lower layers.
- Three Age System
- Stone Age
- Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
- Neolithic (New Stone Age)
- Bronze Age
- Less applicable to Africa and the Americas
- Iron Age
- Iron was not being used before European conquest.
- Modern Archaeology
- Stratification of rocks
- Uniformitarianism
- Ancient conditions were similar to present time.
- Applies to humans
- Modern archaeology: the past was similar to the present.
- Old World vs. New World
- Napoleon's military expedition 1798-1800.
- Discovery of the Rosetta Stone
- Led to the key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.
- Eventually unlocked the key to understanding Mesopotamian cuneiform writing.
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