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Words in a Second Language - Mind Map
Dylan Skiby ESL
- Words in a Second Language
- Individual Word
- What is a word?
- Oral receptive: Understand words we hear
- Written receptive: understanding words we read
- Oral productive: words we say
- written productive: words we write
- Knowing a word
- Word Meaning
- Understanding of the word
- Recollection
- Metaphones
- How many words are there?
- 88,000-180,000
- Based on textbook collection of words
- Includes forms, meanings, and idioms
- Not a reflection of how many words an individual knows
- How many words can students learn?
- Native English speakers
- 3,000/year
- About 10,000 in 3rd grade
- About 40,000 by 12th grade
- ELL's
- 1,000 per year
- Language vocabulary gap takes years to close (if ever)
- ELL Vocabulary Development
- Home & School
- Socioeconomics
- Historically, less income = lower performance in school
- More income = more resources fro language development
- Tutors
- Libraries
- Books for keeping
- Interactions
- Shared book reading
- Improves student understanding
- Provides higher contextual clues for students
- Home language
- English at home = greater vocabulary & greater literacy skills
- Instructional Context
- Vocabulary
- Need practice with context (real world application)
- Needed in all content areas
- Science
- Math
- Culinary Arts
- Photography
- Art
- ELA classes focus 14% of time on Vocab but only 1.4% of time on outside content vocab. This is why it needs to be in each class.
- First Language Proficiency
- Cognates
- Similar meaning, spelling, or pronunciation = better with the vocabulary in English
- Skills
- Writing
- Oral
- Family routines
- Multiple modalities within subgroups
- Professional
- Academic
- Social
- Varies
- Age
- Exposure to schooling and language
- Schooling in native language (familiar with routines and how to complete academics)
- Vocabulary Instruction
- Language Experiences
- TV
- Good for ELL students if it has captions
- Provides Contextual Clues
- Independent Reading
- Large amount of vocabulary
- Ok for ELL students
- Needs 8-10 repetitions for a student to potentially understand the word
- Provides partial mastery, not full comprehension
- Shared Book Reading
- Good for native English speakers and ELL students
- Adult reads and stops to discuss highlights
- Outcomes: oral language vocabulary, syntax, grammar, listening comprehension
- Needs several years to bridge the language gap between ELL's and native English speakers
- Individual Words
- Need meaning, application, and context
- Reinforce words through discussion, writing, speaking, and listening
- Mind Mapping
- Hypothesis
- Activate prior knowledge on subject
- Grade appropriate
- Words
- Texts
- Definitions
- Visual Aids
- TV
- Storybooks
- Puppetry
- Strategies
- Word Parts
- Consider the following
- Roots
- Suffix
- Prefix
- Inflections
- Markers
- Students incoming (native speakers) understand most inflections
- Effects of instruction
- Meaning
- Identification
- Dictionary
- Usually not age appropriate
- Make sure it is new and age appropriate
- Needs context with it
- Not successful isolated
- Contextual Clues
- What surrounds an unknown word?
- Inferring the meaning of the word
- Skepticism
- Hard to teach this skill
- Inconsistent results
- Not always right with answers
- Word Consciousness
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Morphology
- Needed for successful language acquisition
- Students need motivation
- Should be intrinsic
- Considerations
- Hypothesis and review/preview books with students and kids
- Do not shun their native language in the class, rather use it in the lessons
- Use bilingual texts
- BICS comes before CALP in fluency
- CALP is a forever acquisition
- BICS happens in 1-4 years
- Repeat & Reinforce
- Read
- Write
- Act
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