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Human Evolution by Nico S - WBS
- Human Evolution by Nico S
- Early Hominins
- Characteristics
- 1. Bidpedal locomotion
- 2. Non-honing chewing complex
- 3. Large brain size and advanced cognition
- 4. complex material culture
- Fun Fact
- The Universe in a Year
- Big Bang: January 1
- Earth: September 14
- Life: September 25
- Hominins: December 31, 9:30 PM
- Homo sapiens: December 31, 11:55 PM
- Agriculture: December 31, 23:59:20 PM
- Australopithecines
- A. anamensis
- 4.0 mya, East Africa
- A. afarensis
- Lomekwian Tools
- 3.6-3.0 mya, East Africa
- A. platyops
- 3.5 mya, East Africa
- A. garhi
- Oldowan tools
- 2.5 mya, East Africa
- A. africanus
- 3.0-2.0 mya, South Africa
- A. robustus
- 2.0-1.5 mya, South Africa
- A. sediba
- 2.0-1.8 mya, South Africa
- A. aethiopicus
- 2.5 mya, East Africa
- A. boisei
- 2.3-1.2 mya, East Africa
- Characteristics
- Confirmed bipeds, Eastern and Southern Africa, 4.0-1.0 mya, small anterior teeth, large posterior teeth, small brained (340-500 cc), small-bodied (64-100 lbs)
- Fun Fact
- All differences between Robust and Gracile species derived from muscles of mastication by chewing hard foods.
- Genus Homo
- Characteristics
- Increased brain size, increased body size, less prognathic face, longer stride/shorter arms, reliance on culture, (Africa, Asia, Europe)
- Brain Growth
- Pros
- More behavioral flexibility, higher problem-solving skills, improved communication, improved social networking
- Cons
- High energetic cost, difficult birth, slower development, increased parental investment
- Homo Habilis
- 2.5-1.8 mya, East Africa/South Africa
- H. rudolfensis
- 2.4-1.6 mya
- H. erectus
- 1.8-0.3 mya, migrated to Asia and Europe
- Acheulean Tools
- Fun Fact
- Killer Ape Hypothesis
- Raymond Dart- "Violence is innate in hominid ancestry."
- Archaic Humans
- Characteristics
- Longer; lower skull with more projecting occipital bone, more robust post-cranial bones, larger brow ridges, larger/more projecting face, wider nasal aperture, larger teeth, receding chin
- H. Floresiensis
- 190k-50k ya, small brain/body
- Neanderthals
- 130k-24k ya, mixed DNA with modern humans and Denisovans
- The Mousterian Tool Complex
- Strikes tools from core, requires advanced cognitive ability
- Denisovans
- Lived at the same time as neaderthals and humans
- Fun Fact
- Sexy Handaxe Hypothesis
- Males learned how to make most attractive handaxes to show females they were a good mate with good genes.
- Human Diversity
- All of these various species show changes in behaviors such as migrating to new environments which allows for adaptations such as a change in diet with more meats. (Gene Flow)
- The increase in brain size allows for further cognitive abilities for technological innovation in tools.
- Some species existed at the same time and shows human diversity is not linear but rather a nonlinear progression and takes millions of years.
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